Located in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, the cemetery of the Marquis of Haihun is the largest and best-preserved Han Dynasty marquis tomb site discovered in China. The large number of exquisite cultural relics unearthed there has significant value for the study of Han Dynasty history. Two glass mats excavated from the coffins in Tombs No.1 and No.5 serve as important evidence of the funeral system and craftsmanship of the Western Han Dynasty. Multiple analytical methods, including Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), and zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry (ZooMS), were applied to investigate the border materials and suspected binding media of these mats. The FTIR result confirmed the presence of protein components in the samples. The Py-GC/MS result revealed that both the border materials and the suspected binding media may have been derived from animal sources. Due to poor preservation, morphological identification of the species was not possible. Therefore, ZooMS was used, and the result matched Bos taurus, indicating that the border residue was made of cattle leather. Small amounts of phenolic compounds suggested the use of tannins in the leather tanning process, while high lipid content likely resulted from the fatliquoring treatment in leather tanning. In addition, it seems that egg white was applied as a binding medium for the glass mats. Additionally, the detection of indoles, prolines, and trimethyl phosphate—with no cholesterol present—suggests that egg white may have been used as a binding medium. This research clarified the materials used for the border, to provide a scientific understanding of ancient mat-making techniques. Exquisitely crafted with complex techniques, the two glass mats boast the advanced mat-making artistry of the mid-Western Han Dynasty. This research also provides scientific information for further conservation and restoration work.