Among the lacquerware unearthed in archaeological excavations, in addition to wooden lacquerware,some are made of leather and fabric, some are made of ramie cloth or silk, and some are made of ramie cloth pasted on a wooden body. Fabric core lacquerware, an object with several layers of fabric pasted to the wooden body, was called Muxiazhu or Xiazhu in the Han Dynasty. A problem worthy of discussion is whether the manufacturing process of Muxiazhu is different from other fabric core lacquer wares and what kind of relationship there is. In order to study the technical features of Muxiazhu in the Han Dynasty, super-depth-of-field video microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) were used to research an ear cup of Eastern Han Dynasty, unearthed in Huaibei, Anhui, in October 2011. The microstructure observation showed that there was a clear plain texture between the wood and the plaster layer, and that the thickness of the fabric layer accounts for only 11.4%—far less than the in the usual fabric core ear cup of the same size (the latter is generally more than 50%). The results of compositional analysis showed that the lacquering material was traditional Chinese lacquer, the red paint film was cinnabar, the fabric may be ramie fiber, and that the ash composition contained common materials such as SiO₂, NaAlSi₃O₈ and Ca₈H₂(PO₄)₆H₂O. The above research results show that there was no difference in lacquering materials, pigments and mineral components in ash between “Muxiazhu” lacquer wares and other fabric core lacquer wares, except in the process of making the body. Furthermore, the process of attaching fabric only to one side is not entirely consistent with that of attaching fabric to both sides, as recorded in the literature on the technical features of Muxiazhu lacquer wares. These conclusions provide a new reference for the study of fabric core lacquer wares. This paper reveals the manufacturing technology of Muxiazhu in the Han Dynasty from the aspects of materials and painting process for the first time. In fact, the development of body technology witnessed the evolution of lacquerware from thick-wood to thin-wood and then to fabric cores. It can be found from archaeological lacquer wares, such as lacquer Zhi and lacquer Zun, that their structure is not firm, because the joints at both ends were only bonded by adhesive. In order to prevent lacquer wares from cracking, painters pasted fabric on the wooden body. The kind of technique to enhance the firmness of the body with the help of ramie fiber is called Muxiazhu. Although it remains to be further discussed whether Muxiazhu technology directly promoted fabric core lacquerware, it should at least be seen from the law of the development of traditional handicraft technology that the former gave some inspiration to the latter. This kind of technique is still widely used in modern furniture production.