The evaluation indicator system of materials is an important aspect of materials research, application and promotion. It has important functions and meanings with regard to building measurement standards, regularizing parameters of material properties and promoting industry development. In the aviation, aerospace, automotive, construction engineering, paint and coating industries, relatively mature and complete evaluation indicator systems for various types of materials have been established and possess scientific and systematic indicator evaluation methods and relatively in-depth theoretical research. In contrast, the development of such systems for cultural heritage conservation and restoration materials, such as those used for evaluation and research on ancient mural conservation and restoration materials, is relatively slow, and the research basis is relatively lagging. This article analyzes the reasons of mural flaking (including various physical and chemical effects), and summarizes the international and domestic progress of study on evaluation of properties and adaptability of mural repairing materials (including a brief history of application of restoration materials). By using the model of “requirement-property-evaluation indicator” and analyzing the evaluation indicators and methods, an evaluation indicator system was proposed. The evaluation indicator system is divided into three categories—effectiveness, safety and durability—and includes fourteen items:cohesiveness, penetrability, water vapor permeability, fluidity, optical property, chemical inertness (including alkalinity or acidity), nonhazardous effect and ageing resistance to temperature, humidity, light, salt and microorganisms. The suitability, problems and difficulties of specific methods for the evaluation indicators are also analyzed. It is pointed out that murals are superimposed by the multiple effects of the main body (multiple materials, multi-layer structure) and the environment. And it is also explained that the craftsmanship (operation) developed from the restoration practice is also a special manifestation of the material requirements for mural restoration. Further optimization proposal of the construction of the evaluation indicator system by using mathematical modeling and analysis for mural flaking repairing material was presented. The proposed evaluation indicator system will provide a solid scientific foundation for the research, application promotion, and new material research and development of mural conservation and restoration materials.