结合3D打印铸造的青铜器可拆卸式修复研究
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(上海博物馆,上海 200003)

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张珮琛(1973—),男,副研究馆员,研究方向为中国古代青铜文物的修复与复制,E-mail: 13501616573@163.com

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Application of detachable fragments made by 3D printing in the restoration of bronze wares
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(Shanghai Museum, Shanghai 200003, China)

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    摘要:

    残缺是出土青铜器常见的病害。传统青铜器完美修复通过手工制作补配件后连接固定的方式进行,这样的修复方式周期较长,一旦修复后不便于拆解,且掩盖与改变了部分原文物有价值的破损信息。随着3D打印精度与效率的不断提升以及打印材料的推陈出新,3D打印早已从单一输出树脂材料发展为多材质复合输出的方式,其中以直接金属增材为主的金属3D打印以及3D打印结合铸造技术的应用,使得传统青铜文物修复技艺得到了更为科学而有效的发展。本工作通过上海博物馆收藏的一件经过“改制”的商代晚期兽面纹青铜斝的修复案例,对“完美复原式”的传统青铜器修复方式进行新的探索,将可拆卸式补配方式结合3D打印铸造的方法,融入到文物修复流程中,在补配残缺器物的同时,不对文物本体产生干扰,保留具有研究价值的“改制”痕迹,在最少干预性与展陈效果之间寻求一种平衡,使得传统文物修复变得更为安全、精准与有效。

    Abstract:

    Unearthed bronze relics are often damaged and have missing fragments. The traditional restoration method uses new hand-made parts to replace missing fragments and this approach often requires substantial efforts and time. Furthermore, these newly-attached fragments are difficult to detach and may also conceal and modify valuable information of how the original cultural relic is damaged. With the rapid progress of 3D printing’s accuracy and efficiency, as well as the application of new printing materials, 3D printing now offers multi-material composites besides just resin. Specifically, the development of metallic materials for 3D printing now allows the restoration of bronze relics to be conducted in a more scientific and effective way. In this paper, a case study of the restoration of a restructured late Shang Dynasty bronze Jia with beast-face vein from Shanghai Museum is used to explore the development of the traditional bronze relic repair skill using detachable fragments made by 3D printing, also known as detachable fitting. This new method has lesser interferences on the original properties of the cultural relics and also retains the restructuring traces, which have great research value themselves. We will see how the application of new 3D printing technologies for the restoration of bronze relics are conducted more safely and with greater precision, and achieves the delicate balance of minimal intervention to the cultural relic but yet possesses the optimal effect for exhibitions.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-11-02
  • 最后修改日期:2020-12-08
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  • 在线发布日期: 2021-06-29
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