The neolithic Chengtoushan Site has attracted much attention since its discovery, and, formerly, researchers used to study the site in terms of typology and environmental archaeology. To reveal the evolution of man-earth relationships of Chengtoushan Site during its over two thousand years of development, we conducted statistical description and univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the column holes of housing sites at Chengtoushan Site by means of quantitative archaeology. Combining our research results with those of environmental archaeological studies, we find a trend that the diameters of column holes at Chengtoushan Site changed over time. This trend probably reflects a continuous increase or sharp decrease in population of Chengtoushan Site would affect the man-earth relationships of tree growth cycle.